CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVES ON RELIGIOUS PLURALISM

an annotated bibliography

Highly Recommended Works for Seminary or University Courses

Tilley, Terrence W. et al. Religious Diversity and the American Experience, A Theological Approach. New York & London: Continuum, 2007.

This book’s authorship is interesting in that it was written collaboratively by Professor Tilley and graduate seminar students at the University of Dayton. The authors expand considerably on the exclusivist-inclusivist-pluralist paradigm as they work from a Catholic context to develop a theology of religious diversity that is broadly useful for mainstream Christians.

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Knitter, Paul F. Introducing Theologies of Religions. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 2002.

The author lays out four models of approach to other religions: Replacement (much like the Exclusivist stance), Mutuality, Fulfillment, and   Acceptance. His Mutuality model provides a number of bridges between religions, including the possibility of working together on ecological issues—a favorite Knitter theme. See also his No Other Name? A Critical Survey of Christian Attitudes Toward the World Religions (Orbis, 1985); One Earth Many Religions: Multifaith Dialogue and Global Responsibility (Orbis, 1995), and Jesus and The Other Names: Christian Mission and Global Responsibility (Orbis, 1996).

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The Dialogical Imperative: A Christian Reflection on Interfaith Encounter (Faith Meets Faith Series)

Lochhead, David. The Dialogical Imperative: A Christian Reflection on Interfaith Encounter. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1988.

One of the best explanations of dialogue theory and methodology, Lochhead suggests that Christian exclusivism is not a single position vis-à-vis other religions, but several. He explores what he calls ideologies of isolation, hostility, competition, and partnership, then explores notions of dialogue as negotiation, integration, and activity before advocating dialogue as relationship (his “dialogical imperative”).

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Ingham, Michael. Mansions of the Spirit: The Gospel in a Multi-Faith World. Toronto: Anglican Book Centre, 1997.

Not the first book, but one of the most readable, to explore and expand upon the notion that Christians look upon other religions from one of three stances: Exclusivism, Inclusivism, or Pluralism. Appendix includes Lambeth Conference interfaith resolutions and other helpful documents.

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Other Excellent Resources 

Ariarajah, Wesley. Not Without My Neighbor: Issues in Interfaith Relations. Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1999.

A native of Sri Lanka—a Methodist minister with deep experience in Hindu-Christian dialogue—addresses perennial spiritual, social, theological, practical, and political issues of  multi-faith encounters, such as the possibility of praying together, the role of women in dialogue, inter-religious marriage, the relationship of dialogue to mission, dialogue in the face of conflict, and dialogue in the face of complex socio-political issues.

Dupuis, Jacques, S. J. Christianity and the Religions: Form Confrontation to Dialogue. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis. 2003.

The author’s Toward a Christian Theology of Religious Pluralism (1997) sparked severe criticism from the Vatican’s Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. This is his response (with a general audience in mind), taking those concerns seriously while providing a well-reasoned contextual theology grounded in his own long experience in India. He critiques the Vatican II document Nostra Aetate, then assesses developments in the forty years since, and provides his own reflections on the relationship between other religions and the Catholic understanding of the Church and the Reign of God. He finishes with reflections on inter-religious prayer.

Fletcher, Jeannine Hill. Monopoly on Salvation? A Feminist Approach to Religious Pluralism. New York: Continuum, 2005.

Very readable. Chapters move from theological and historical resources to a consideration of “the impasse of sameness or difference,” the notion that “we are all hybrids,” and “the gift of religious difference” as essential rather than peripheral to Christian practice.

Forward, Martin. Inter-religious Dialogue: A Short Introduction. Oxford: Oneworld, 2001.

A beginner’s guide, laying out definitions of terms, non-Western and non-Christian contributions (as well as Christian) to the history of dialogical endeavor, and pithy considerations of the current context.

Griffin, David Ray, ed. Deep Religious Pluralism. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2005.

A collection of essays favoring a Whiteheadian over a Kantian philosophical approach to religious pluralism (thus the insights of John Cobb over those of John Hick), as leading more effectively to a Christian theology of religious pluralism that upholds distinctively Christian truths and values.

Hallett, Garth. Christian Neighbor-love: An Assessment of Six Rival Versions. Washington, DC: Georgetown, 1989.

As we try to follow the Great Commandment, says the author, we have trouble defining “as yourself ”! He analyses the range of norms for competing rules of preference (how much benefit an action will have for oneself vs. for the other), and contrasts the implications each would have if applied to the same situation, and offers some practical guidance.

Panikkar, Raimon. The Intra-Religious Dialogue, revised edition. New York: Paulist Press, 1999.

The author advocates deep engagement so that both connection and uniqueness and encountered in full. Panikkar grew up in a Christian-Hindu family, focuses on Christian dialogue with Hindus and Buddhists, laying out five attitudes and models of dialogue, as well as practical application.

Suchocki, Marjorie Hewitt.Divinity and Diversity: A Christian Affirmation of Religious Pluralism. Nashville: Abingdon, 2003.

A case for embracing religious pluralism as integral to the Christian gospel, by a process theologian out of the Methodist tradition.

Ward, Keith. Religion and Revelation. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.

An Anglican theologian’s attempt at a systematic theology taking account of the 20th century’s inter-religious context. See also Volumes 2 and 3: Religion and Creation (1996) and Religion and Human Nature (1998).

Suggestions compiled by Dr. Lucinda Mosher, revised March 2006

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